Improvement in locks for doors



2 Sheets--Sheet 2.

H. WINN.

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ATENT FFICE.

HENRY VINN, OF SHELBURNE, MASSACHUSETTS.

iMPRovi-:MENT IN Locks FOR noone, ac.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 161,371, dated March30, 1875; application filed August 5, 1874.

CASE G.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY WINN, of Shelburne, in the county of Franklinand State of Massachusetts, have made certain new and usefulImprovements in Locks, whereof the following is a specification,reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 isa front view of the lock with the cover and parts connected therewithremoved. 2 shows a vertical section of the lock on line x a" of Fig 1.Fig. 3 shows the outer stationary shell, which is attached t the cover.Fig. 4. shows the roll-back. Fig. 5 shows the inner stationary shellwith the parts contained therein, and the supportingdisk at the rear endthereof. Fig. 6 shows the connecting-bar. Fig. 7 shows a planeprojection of the interior of the inner stationary shell. Fig. 8 showsthe key. Fig. 9 shows the rotating shell with the felice and the otherparts contained therein except the cut-off. Fig. 10 shows a horizontalsection of the rotating shell taken through the line e 'v of Fig. 5, anda side view of the fence and the spring actuating it. Fig. 11 shows afront view of the fence. Fig. 12 shows one of the two parts whichcompose the tumbler-box. Fig. 13 shows the other of said parts and theactuating-pin. Fig. 14 shows a section of the tumbler-box taken throughthe line w w of Figs. 12 and 13, and

a side view of a tumbler therein, and a section of the actuating-pin.Fig. 15 is a vertical section taken through the line :n a: of Figs.- 5,7, 9, and l0. Fig. 16 is a vertical section taken through the line y yof Figs. 5, 7, 9, and 10. Fig. 17 is a vertical section taken throughthe same line as Fig. 16. Fig. 18 is a vertical section taken throughthe line z z of Figs. 5, 7, and 9, including the cut-off. Fig. 19 is aside View of the cutoff. Fig. 20 is a rear end view of the innerstationary shell with the parts contained therein and the restorer. Fig.21 is a side view of the restorer.

In Figs. 9, 10, 15, 16, 18, and 20 the parts are in their relativepositions as at the beginning of an operation of the lock, but in Fig.17 they have the position assumed after such operation has beenpartially completed. The

dotted lines projecting beyond the outer shell in Figs. 15, 16, 17, and18 show where the plane of the key-hole, if extended, would cut theparts. The keyhole in thisl lock is either on the upper side oftherotating shell, as seen in Fig. 5, or on the lower side, as seen inFig.

18, according as the shell M may be attached ,A

by its screws to the cover; but if itis desired that the fence shalloperate by gravity alone, one of the slots in which the connecting-barworks must be constructed at right angles to its present position in itspart, and the eXterior stationary shell must be fastened to the coverwith a quarter turn from its present p0- sition, so that the uncut parta (see supra) shall be uppermost.

In the drawings the same letters refer to the same parts.

A is the lock-case. B is the bolt, which is operated by the lever O,pivoted on the bolt at a, and actuated by the pin b on the interior lockD working in the talon o, and by the under arm d on the wing E workingin the talon e. Said lever locks out the bolt in the usual way by aprojection abutting against a stump on the case, against which it isheld by a spring, F. Said lever locks in the bolt by its depression ffitting on,v the wing E. Said wing E is actuated by the roll back Gbeing located in the socket g thereof, which socket is vlarger at itslower end than said wing, and consequently causes it to act as alazy-arm, by compelling a partial rotation of said roll-back before itis rotated. This prevents the bolt from being acted upon before therotating shell H is dogged by the fence I, when the tumblers are notcorrectly set. The roll-back G, which works in the cover K, is rotatedby the connecting-bar L, which enters a slot, h,therein and also entersa slot, i, in the projection k on shell H. M is the outer stationaryshell, which is fastened by screws to the cover through the screw-holesl l', with the key-hole m either on the upper or lower side of shell H,as preferred. N is the inner stationary shell, which is screwed into theshell M, and is fastened from turning in it by the restorer 0, the outerpart of which is threaded, and screws into both shells M and N, (throughthe screw-hole m in shell N,) and thereby fastens them together, and isitself fastened in position, the thread on it being so cut that therestorer is driven home at a time when the iiat surface n upon it isturned toward the tumblers. l and Q are two parts which form togetherthe tumbler-box R, which box may be in one piece, but, for convenienceof manufacture, is made in two parts. S is the key, having a projection,o, which works in the groove p of shell N, passing into the same by theentrance h. An opening, q, in the tumbler-box R admits the fence to thetumblers r r r r r, which are in said box, and have fencenotches .s s ss s. Between the tumblers are friction plates or furl-ings t t t t. Thetumbler-box R, carrying the parts therein, is actuated by the pin Tworking on eight inclined surfaces in groove U of shell N, four ofwhich, u u1 u2 03, carry it forward, and four of which, vl o2 U3 14,carry it backward. The shell N :is cut away leaving the slot V and aportion of its arc c in the same vertical plane uncut. The head b of thefence works in the smaller part of said slot V, which slot has anenlargement or secondary slot limited by its ends c1 c2, and making theslot V wide enough between said ends to admit the lower end of thefence. The inclined surfaces d1 d2 on the fence work against said endsc1 c2, which are also inclined surfaces, and would lift the fence evenif it had not the inclinations d1 d2.. Said fence I has also a pin, e',on which bears a spring, WV, to drive toward the fence-notches the armwhich enters them, and work the fence. The shell H is held in place bythe hardened-steel cut-off X, which is located in a turned-down bearing,ff, of said shell, and is firmly held in place by fitting in the slot gof shell N, and by the shell M which fits upon the top of it when shellsM and N are screwed together. Y is a disk, the form of which isindicated by the dotted lines, Fig. 20, surrounding projection r, and onthe outerI edge of shell N. Said disk is held against the rear end ofshell N by a shoulder in shell M, (indicated by the dotted lines, Fig.3,) and has an opening fitting closely on projection k of shell H. Thepurpose of said disk is to support the metal about slot and to preventthe tumblers from being driven by external force beyond the point wherethey support the fence. The tumblers have projections 1 Z 3 4 5extending forward beyond the box R (before the operation of the lock) tothe point where the key-hole m enters the cut-off bearing f. Eachtumbler has also a supplementary nick or notch, a2, located in front ofthe fence-notch, and long enough to cover the same, presenting a facetransverse to the plane of the tumbler, and located in position to cutthe plane of the key-hole m if projected through box R, to engage anypickin g-tool inserted between the tumblers. It lies between thekey-hole m and notch s.

The unlocking process is as follows: The

lenen parts are supposed to be in their relative positions, seen inFigs. l, 9,10,15, 16, 18, and 20, the pill T being located at thejunction of the inclined surfaces L1 L? in groove U. When degrees arementioned herein reference is had to degrees of revolution of the key Sand shell H. The key first enters the key-hole m, its projection oentering groove p, which holds the key in such position that a key-bitof maximum length just reaches the junction of the key-holem and bearingj", and touches the end of a tumbler.

The unlocking direction is indicated by the arrows, Figs. 5 and 7.During the first fortyve degrees the pin T in the groove U is drivenforward by the inclined surface u2 to the junction of the inclinedsurfaces u2 a3, thereby drawing forward the tumbler-box R, andprojecting the tumbler-projections 1 2 3 4 5 into the key-hole m andagainst the keybits until the fence-notches s s s s s are set in lineunder the opening gin said box. During the next forty-tive degrees thepin T is driven back by the inclined surface o4, drawing back the tumbler-box R, with the tumblers set therein, until the forward ends ofthe tumbler-projections 1 2 3 4 5 are all as far back as the edge la ofthe cut-off X, and ready to pass under the same. During the nexttwenty-two and a half degrees the inclined surface o4 at rst continuesto drive back the pin T and box R until the tumblers are all carried farenough back to pass entirely behind the cutoff X, at which point thetumbler box R reaches its farthest projection backward, its rear endbeing iiush with the rear end of shell H, (but not of projection 7c,)and the opening 1, with the fence-notches in line under it, is broughtunder the arm of the fence that is to enter it, and pin T enters thepart of groove U not helical, after which the tumbler-projections l 2 34 5 are rotated entirely behind the cut-off X, which completely coversand closes up the inner opening of the keyhole fm at its junction withthe bearing j", and cuts off all communication through the key-hole mwith the tumblers. During the next one hundred and thirty-five degreesthe point of fence I, at the junction of its surfaces Z1 d2, driven byspring lV, iirst descends the inclined surface c2 in slot V, and the armof the fence enters the opening q and the tumbler-notches, when the headb of the fence I passes inside the inner surface of the uncut part al.The shell H then operates and locks in the bolt, as described, afterwhich the inclined surface cl2 strikes the inclined surface c1, whichdrives the fence-arm out ofthe fencenotches, and opening q and the headb of the fence into the smaller part of slot V again. During the nexttwenty-two and a half degrees the pin T is brought to the inclinedsurface u, and begins to move on the same, the tumbler-projectionsemerge from behind the cut-off X, and the key-hole mis removed from saidcut-off so that its opening into the bearing f is unobstructed. Duringthe next fortyfive degrees the pin T is brought to the junction of theinclined surfaces a al, which carries forward the tumblers until therear ends of the same are all as far forward as the surface a on therestorer O, because said surface a is located so as just to touch thesaid rear ends, when in the position seen in Fig. 9, and when the pin Tis at the junction of the inclined surfaces u1 a2, its starting-point,and because the inclined surface u has equal inclination and length withthe inclined surface r4, (by which alone said rear ends have beenprojected backward,) and, therefore, carries them as far forward as theywere at starting. At the close of said forty-ve degrees said rear endshave been advanced in rotation to such point that farther rotation willinstantly pass some part of each of them in front of said surface a,which is narrowed toward the center of the lock so that the rear ends ofthe tumblers nearest the center of rotation, having less motion, willpass into or away from the front of it at the same time as the rear endsof those more remote, and said surface nis wide enough, so that the nextforty-ve degrees, does not rotate said rear ends away from it out intothe position shown in Fig. 20. During the last forty-five degrees theinclined surface c2 drives back pin T, and consequently box R, (whichalways moves identically with pin 33,) to their startingpoints, whichtheyrcach at the end of saidfortyve degrees and, as said surface a isstationary, the restorer O being afxed to the stationary shell N, thebox R assumes the same position relative to said surface a which it hadat starting. This backward motion of box R projects the tumblers in itback spirally upon surface a until, when box lt reaches itsstarting-point, they are entirely restored, for the tumblers startedfrom the restored position with their rear ends in contact with surfacea, and when the box R, which contains them, reaches the same positionrelative to said surface a, from which it started, projecting their rearends against said surface, they must assume the position from which theystarted, which was their restored position. It is obvious that, if atthe point above indicated, when the arm of the fence enters thefence-notches, said notches had not been correctly set-as ifa false keyhad been usedsaid arm would not enter said notches, but, resting on thetumblers, would hold out the head b1 of the fence, which in therevolution would impinge against the uncut part al of shell N and thedog-shell H before the bolt could be operated thereby.

The locking operation is sufficiently obvious from the abovedescription, shell H being rotated in the reverse direction by the key,the shape, arrangement, and action of parts being similar to the same,as described in the unlocking process.

All the parts seen in Figs. 9 and l0 partake of the rotary motion of thekey through its revolution, the box R having the additional back andforward motion described, in which it is guided by a bearing in shell H,and which it imparts to the tumblers, except as their motion is limitedby the key-bits and the restorer O.

The whole of shell H back of the cut-off might be used as a box bysevering it from the part of said shell infront of the cut-off,extending an arm from the part behind the cut-off into said part infront through the section of said shell, (seen in Fig. 18,) in such wayas to make the two parts rotate in coninion, cutting away the shell Nwhere the head b would impinge upon it in. its back and forward motion,and solidly attaching box R to shell H at the point where the arm of thefelice would drop into opening q. In this case the bearing for the boxwould be in shell N.

Locks are picked by the feeling process by the sensation communicatedthrough the tuinblers when their notches pass or reach a felice thatbears upon them. The cut-off X is intended to prevent this mode ofpicking, by closing up the opening of the key-hole into the chambercontaining the tumblers, cutting off all access to them during all thetime when the fence may be made to bear upon them; for the fence is heldaway from the tumblers by restingon the inner surface of shell N duringthe iirst one hundred and twelve and a half degrees, as described, whenthe end of it reaches the enlargement of slot V, and the tumblers arerotated entirely behind the cutoff X, and the opening of the key-holeinto the chamber containing them is entirely closed up by it between thefirst ninety degrees and the iirst one hundred and twelve' and a halfdegrees, as described, continuing so during the one hundred andthirty-live degrees, when the fence can be made to touch them.

1f the fence were not held away from the tumblers by shell N, it wouldbe by box R, which guards the entry of the fence into thetumbler-notches until some of -the tumblers are covered by the cut-off,and if inclined surfaces a a3 v1 n4 were slightly elongated, and thefelice and part not helical of grooveU were placed slightly fartherback, opening q would not be in position to admit the fence until theinner end of the key-hole would be entirely covered by cut-off X.

The cut-off may be attached to any part of the lock, or have any motionother than that of shell H, if it is located in the position described,to separate the key-hole and the tuinblers or parts receiving theimpression of the key when the fence bears on the tumblers to entertheir notches.

The applicant is aware that cut-offs closing up the key-hole have beenused in locks with keys having detachable bits, or with stationarykey-holes, or with tumblers stationary' when separated from the keyholeby a cutoff; butthose constructions are complicated, requiring extramechanism or motion to throw the bolt, extra dogs to dog the rotatingshell, or expensive keys. But in this lock the cutoff is combined with akey of which the bits and shank rotate together, and with tumblersrotating in common with the rota-ting shell when separated from thekey-hole by the cutoff at the time the fence must enter its notches,whereby a fence of simple construction is used, and one shell suflicesto hold the fence and tumblers, and convey the impulse of the key to thebolt, and other advantages accrue.

A further improvement consists in so constructing the fence, as shown,that the head b1 is not in the same vertical plane as the part at thejunction of surfaces d1 d2, which holds the fence away from the tumblerson the surface of shell N. Vhen said parts are in the same verticalplane, the uncut part al of shell N must perform both functions ofdogging the head b when a false key is used, and of holding the fenceaway from the tumblers. In that case, the maximum arc of the uncut partal must be less than one hundred and eighty degrees on shell N, or itwould strike one end of the fence before leaving the other. As it wouldbe required to hold away the fence in both directions of locking andunlocking, it could only be held away therefrom ninety degrees eachway-too small an are to admit of the practical use of the eut-off, asthe tumblers could not be set and rotated behind the cutoff in that arcwithout reducing their combinations or giving new motions to the key,owing to the great inclination which would be required for the inclinedsurfaces of groove U. On the other hand, if it were required in a lockto throw a heavy bolt and obtain leverage therefor by taking hold of itat an early part of the revolution, and to dog the rotating shell, if afalse key were used, before so taking hold, t-he are of the enlargementof slot V could be greatly lengthened with this construction of thefence, which would allow the arc of uncut part a to be correspondinglylengthened to much more than one hundred and eighty degrees on shell N,if required, and would cause the rotating shell to be dogged at an earlypart of the revolution, as required.

In a former application the inventor described a shell containing tumblers moved back and forth by a similar device. In that lock thetumblers rotated with the key only, before the fence could bear on themhence each tumbler required two points to receive the keys impression,as the key iliade a complete rotation. The restorer could not be used,as the tumblers did not move back after operation of the fence. Thisinvention extends the use of the device to move the tumblers back andforth to the class of locks wherein each tumbler rotates with the keythrough its rotation, and hence requires but one point to receive thekeysimpression, therebysaving cost. Said class also admits the use ofthe improved fence. The use of said device is accomplished and appliedto the reverse rotations of shell H,

and the use of the cut-ofi` admitted by using four more inclinedsurfaces, two giving forward and two backward motion to pin T, and byleaving a space open through which said pin rotates when it gives nomotion to the tumblers. If the cut-off were not used, only the fourinclined surfaces ul u2 e2 t3 would be necessary in thislock, the partnot helical of groove U being located farther forward, and elongated tounite with the ends of said inclined surfaces. In this lock the inclinedsurfaces of groove U may be transferred to box R by reversing theirinclinations and fixing pin T in the exterior shell N, and turning downa groove in shell H, so as not to interfere with the pin when said shellrotates. In this case box R should be held from displacement, afterleaving pin T, bythe fence falling in slot q or other device. If thecut-oft' is used, box R would need to be enlarged to admit the eightdescribed inclined surfaces, and have a slot to move upon the lower endof the fence, or said surfaces must have greater inclinations to theaxis of shell H 5 but, without the cut-off, inclined surfaces u1 u2 t2Q13 might easily be located as described in box R. The same device tomove the tumblers back and forth may be used with non-rotating tumblers,if the part of shell H in front of the eut-off is detached and attachedto shell N, which is made to rotate and work the bolt while theremainder of shell H is made stationary. If the tumbler-ends l i2 3 i4yi5 are enlarged, so that the key will not leave them before settingthem, and the inner part of the key-hole is enlarged to preventcollision with them-the invention only requiring that of the two parts,box R a-nd shell N, one having the inclined surfaces and the other thepinone shall rotate with the key at a time when the other does not.

The mode described of restoring the tumblers only requires that they beplaced in a box to carry them and keep them from friction with externalparts, which box is carried forward and back in the rotation of the keyby the pin reacting on the inclined surfaces described, or by equivalentmechanism, carrying with it the tumblers, (except as their motion islimited by the key-bits and restorer) their backward motion being at thetime when they are required to be restored, at which time a restorershall be located behind them, or behind some part on each of them, inposition for them to impinge against it, stopping their backward motion,while the backward motion of the box continues until their position init is their restored position. In locks where the tumblers do notrotate, if a cut-off is required, the restorer must be att-ached to therotating shell, or moved thereby, or by the key from behind thetumblers, to allow them to be projected back before operation of thefence, and must be brought behind them again, by said shell or key, whenthey are projected back for restoration. But if a cut-ott' is notrequired, or if the tumblers are not withdrawn to avoid it, and in thecases described where only four inclined surfaces are used in groove U,the part of said groove not helical beginning at the junction ofinclined surfaces t3 o4 and u2 n3 and ending at the junction of inclinedsurfaces c1 o2 and u u1, (the cut-off being removed,) then any surfaceof the lock, stationary or not, located in position to touch the rearends of the tumblers before they begin to advance, and in the sameposition behind them when they are projected back, will sufce as arestorer whether the tumblers rotate or not.

Parts receiving the impression of the key, and through which the contactof the fence with the fence-notches may be felt, are included in thegeneral term tumblers when ret'- erence is made to the intervention ofthe cutoff between the tumblers and the key-hole.

What I claim as myinvention, and for which I pray Letters Patent, is-rl.A fence, a rotating shell having a keyhole, a key composed of a bittedportion to set the tumblers, and a shank working in said key-hole torotate said shell, of which key the bitted portion and the shank rotatein common, a system of tumblers, and a cut-off located in position tointervene between the key-hole and the tumblers when the fence enterstheir notches or impinges on their sides to enter the same, all combinedtogether, when the tumblers partake of the rotation of the rotatingshell at the time when the cut-off intervenes, as aforesaid.

2. rlhe operative parts of the two ends of the fence arranged indifferent vertical planes, for the purposes described.

3. The enlargement from c1 to c2 of the slot V in shell N, for thepurposes described.

4. The tumblers and a box containing them, moved back and forward forthe purposes described, combined with a restorer, when said restorer islocated in position to stop the backward movement of the tumblers at thetime they are required to be restored, while the backward movement ofthe box continues pressing the tumblers therein against said restoreruntil said tumblers are in a restored position in said box.

5. A rotating shell having a keyhole and a system of tumblers, betweenwhich and said key-hole a stationary cut-oft is made to intervene by therotation of said shell and tumblers, which tumblers, if rotated (withoutother motion) from their position while being set, would collide withsaid cut-off, combined with said cut-off, a box containing the tumblers,a bearing for it and a stationary shell, when of said box and stationaryshell the one has a pin or projection acting against one or moreinclined surfaces of the other, said pin or projection an d surfacesbeing arranged, relatively to each other and to the cut-off, to projectsaid box and the tumblers therein, before they reach the cut-oft' intheir rotation, into position to avoid the collision of the tumblers andcut-oft', when said tumblers are farther rotated to cause said cut-offto intervene as described.

6. The supplementary nick a2 in the tumbler r, for the purposedescribed.

7. A box containing tumblers and having a bearing, as described,combined with an outer shell, when the one rotates in common with thekey throughout its rotation, while the other does not, and when the onehas a pin or projection acting against four or more inclined surfaces ofthe other, whereby said box is projected forward and back, carrying thetumblers toward and from the bits of the key, all combined with saidtumblers and key, and operating as described.

8. The fence I and slot V, with its enlargement in the stationary shell,combined with a rotating shell and a system of tumblers, partaking ofthe rotation of said rotating shell.

HENRY WINN.

Executed in presence of- F. R. PRATT, A. K. HAWKS.

